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DMSA scan

What is a DMSA Renal Scan?

A DMSA renal scan (also called a DMSA renogram) is a specialized imaging test that provides detailed images of your kidneys. This test uses a small amount of a radioactive substance called DMSA (dimercaptosuccinic acid) that is taken up by kidney cells, allowing doctors to evaluate:

  • The size, shape, and position of your kidneys
  • Areas of kidney damage or scarring
  • The relative function of each kidney compared to the other
  • Abnormalities that may have been present since birth or developed over time

Unlike other kidney scans that focus on how quickly the kidneys process substances, the DMSA scan shows the working kidney tissue itself, making it particularly valuable for detecting kidney damage.

Why Might I Need a DMSA Scan?

Your doctor may recommend this scan if:

  • You have had urinary tract infections, especially recurrent infections
  • There is concern about possible kidney scarring from previous infections
  • Your doctor suspects abnormal kidney development or structure
  • There are signs of reduced kidney function
  • Your doctor needs to determine how well each kidney is functioning individually
  • You have high blood pressure that might be related to kidney problems
  • Your doctor is considering surgical removal of a kidney and needs to assess the function of both kidneys

This test is commonly performed in children with urinary tract infections to check for kidney damage, but it is also valuable for adults with various kidney conditions.

How Does the Scan Work?

The DMSA scan works because:

  1. The radioactive DMSA is injected into your bloodstream
  2. Healthy kidney cells absorb the DMSA
  3. Damaged areas of the kidney will take up less DMSA
  4. A special camera (gamma camera) detects the radiation emitted by the DMSA
  5. This creates detailed images showing the functioning kidney tissue
  6. Areas of damage or scarring appear as “cold spots” with less DMSA uptake

Preparing for Your Scan

  • No special preparation is typically required
  • You can eat and drink normally before the test
  • Continue taking your regular medications
  • Wear comfortable clothing without metal objects
  • Inform your healthcare team if you:
    • Are pregnant or breastfeeding
    • Have any allergies
    • Have had recent contrast studies (barium X-rays, CT scans with contrast)

What to Expect During the Procedure

Tracer Injection

  1. A small amount of the DMSA radioactive tracer will be injected into a vein in your arm
  2. This feels similar to having blood drawn
  3. The tracer will not make you feel different or cause side effects

Waiting Period

  1. After the injection, there is a waiting period of 2-3 hours
  2. This time allows the DMSA to be absorbed by your kidney cells
  3. You can spend this time in the waiting area, or sometimes you may be allowed to leave the department

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